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DEMOCRATIZATION--ARAB COUNTRIES --- DEMOCRACY--ARAB COUNTRIES --- ELECTIONS--ARAB COUNTRIES --- ARAB COUNTRIES--POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

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This report assesses likely demographic and economic trends in the Arab world through 2020, focusing on changes that are likely to affect U.S. defense planning and U.S. policy in the region. The report assesses how long-term trends in demographic changes and the economies in this region are likely to affect U.S. interests. The report explores population shifts and economic changes in both energy-rich and energy-poor countries. Implications for U.S. policy from this report include slower population growth easing pressures on natural resources and public services and U.S. support for such programs as family planning and female education encouraging trends toward lower fertility rates. More-relaxed U.S. and European immigration and visa policies toward the citizens of the Middle East can enhance political and community ties between Arabs and the West. The United States, through the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, should encourage economic liberalization and free trade within the region.

Demography --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Arab countries --- Arab countries --- Arab countries --- United States --- Arab countries --- Arab countries --- Arab countries --- Arab countries --- Population. --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- Foreign relations --- Foreign relations --- Foreign economic relations. --- Economic policy. --- Politics and government.

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Ideology --- Political aspects --- Arab countries --- Politics and government --- Intellectual life --- Ideology - Political aspects - Arab countries --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 20th century --- Arab countries - Intellectual life - 20th century

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Pour quelles raisons la démocratie est-elle si rare dans les pays arabes ? Dans quel terreau s'enracine la dictature féroce que leurs dirigeants imposent à leurs citoyens ? Ces questions radicales sont posées par Moncef Marzouki, le principal opposant au président Ben Ali qui règne sans partage sur la Tunisie depuis un quart de siècle. Contraint à l'exil en France depuis 2001, l'ancien président de la Ligue tunisienne des droits de l'Homme témoigne, dans cet ouvrage, de la violation quotidienne des libertés dans son pays, y compris par l'usage de la torture. Interrogé par le politologue Vincent Geisser, il élargit son analyse à l'ensemble des pays arabes. En effet, si la Tunisie présente une sorte de modèle achevé de dictature insérée dans le marché mondial, les autres pays du Maghreb et du Machreq ne sont pas en reste. De l'Arabie Saoudite à l'Algérie en passant par l'Egypte et la Libye, les peuples sont encore et toujours muselés par une police et une armée omniprésentes. La corruption et les inégalités sociales sont endémiques, ce qui fait le lit de l'islamisme. Contre ceux qui ne se résignent pas à souhaiter l'avènement d'un despote éclairé dans les pays arabes, Moncef Marzouki plaide avec force pour un enracinement de la démocratie dans les traditions les plus ouvertes de la culture arabo-islamique. Ce livre, véritable cri d'espoir, est un appel à sortir du fatalisme dans lequel nous enferme le regard complice des puissances occidentales.

Exiles --- Dictatorship --- Democracy --- Marzūqī, Munṣif, --- Arab countries --- Politics and government --- Exiles - Tunisia - Interviews --- Dictatorship - Arab countries --- Democracy - Arab countries --- Marzūqī, Munṣif, - 1945- - Interviews --- Arab countries - Politics and government --- Marzūqī, Munṣif, - 1945 --- -Arab countries

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Arab Spring, 2010 --- -Revolutions --- Printemps arabe, 2010 --- -Révolutions --- History --- Histoire --- Democratization --- Insurgency --- Civil society --- Social movements --- Revolutions --- Protest movements --- Arab countries --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- -Révolutions --- Democratization - Arab countries --- Insurgency - Arab countries --- Civil society - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Democratization - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Social movements - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Revolutions - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Protest movements - Arab countries - History - 21st century --- Arab countries - Politics and government - 21st century --- Arab countries - Social conditions - 21st century